🫀 Common Cardiology Diseases

1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

• Description: Increased pressure in blood vessels
• Symptoms: Often none (silent), headache, dizziness
• Risks: Stroke, heart attack, kidney damage

2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

• Description: Narrowing or blockage of heart arteries due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis)
• Symptoms: Chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue
• Can lead to: Heart attack

3. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

• Cause: Blocked blood flow to heart muscle
• Symptoms: Chest pain, sweating, nausea, pain radiating to arm or jaw
• Emergency condition

4. Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure)

• Description: The heart can’t pump blood effectively
• Symptoms: Fatigue, swelling in legs, breathlessness
• Types: Left-sided, right-sided, or both

5. Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeat)

• Types:
  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
  • Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
  • Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
• Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness, fainting
• Treatment: Medications, pacemaker, ablation

6. Valvular Heart Disease

• Description: Problems with one or more of the heart valves (stenosis or regurgitation)
• Common types: Mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis
• Symptoms: Fatigue, murmur, shortness of breath

7. Congenital Heart Diseases

• Description: Heart defects present from birth
• Examples: Hole in the heart (ASD/VSD), Tetralogy of Fallot
• Treatment: Surgery, regular monitoring

8. Cardiomyopathy

• Description: Disease of the heart muscle
• Types: Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive
• Symptoms: Chest pain, palpitations, fatigue
• Can lead to: Heart failure

9. Pericarditis

• Description: Inflammation of the sac around the heart (pericardium)
• Symptoms: Sharp chest pain, fever
• Causes: Infection, autoimmune disease

10. Atherosclerosis

• Description: Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque
• Can affect: Heart (CAD), brain (stroke), legs (peripheral artery disease)

🧪 Common Diagnostic Tests in Cardiology

• ECG (Electrocardiogram)
• Echocardiogram
• Treadmill test (TMT or stress test)
• Holter monitoring
• Angiography
• Cardiac MRI/CT