What is an X-ray?

An X-ray is a type of medical imaging that uses a small dose of ionizing radiation to create images of structures inside the body, particularly bones, organs, and tissues. It is one of the oldest and most commonly used diagnostic tools in medicine.

How X-rays Work

1. A machine sends high-energy X-ray beams through the body.
2. Different tissues absorb the radiation at different rates:
   • Bones absorb more radiation and appear white on the image.
   • Soft tissues and organs absorb less and appear in shades of gray.
   • Air-filled spaces (lungs, intestines) absorb the least and appear black.
3. The X-ray detector captures the image, which is then interpreted by a doctor (radiologist).

Types of X-ray Imaging

🔹 Standard X-rays: Used for detecting fractures, infections, and lung diseases.
🔹 Chest X-ray: Examines lungs, heart, and ribs for conditions like pneumonia or tuberculosis.
🔹 Bone X-ray: Checks for fractures, osteoporosis, or arthritis.
🔹 Dental X-ray: Helps in diagnosing cavities, gum disease, and tooth structure.
🔹 Mammography: A specialized X-ray for breast cancer screening.
🔹 Fluoroscopy: A real-time X-ray used for guiding procedures like catheter insertions.
🔹 CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A more detailed 3D version of X-ray imaging.

Common Uses of X-rays

✅ Detecting Bone Fractures & Dislocations
✅ Identifying Lung Infections (Pneumonia, Tuberculosis)
✅ Finding Tumors or Abnormal Growths
✅ Checking Dental & Orthodontic Issues
✅ Screening for Heart or Chest Diseases
✅ Guiding Medical Procedures (e.g., catheter placement)

Risks & Safety Measures

❗ Radiation Exposure: Though small, excessive exposure can increase cancer risk.
🛡️ Lead Aprons & Shields: Used to protect sensitive organs from unnecessary radiation.
👶 Pregnancy Precautions: Pregnant women should avoid X-rays unless absolutely necessary.

X-ray vs. Ultrasound